"The law was considered to be the last resort of the management of domestic issues in black homes. Today it is recognized that tension between blacks and whites is less distinct and increased intervention has been legitimated by new legislation, new police powers, and changing attitudes toward citizens." New York Times; January 1967
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“White leadership is still living in a fantasy world. They think the {Hough} riot was caused by a few agitators. It was a rebellion against conditions under which black people were living.”
~Representative K. Leroy Irvis of Pittsburgh; April 13, 1969 |
“My efforts have been hampered by a lack of federal funds and the reluctance of the Ohio Legislature to help cities. I do not believe that private enterprise working under the existing laws can begin to build the housing needed.”
~Carl Stokes; April 16, 1969 |
"Many attribute Stokes' victory to his ability to mobilize both black and white voters in the aftermath of the Hough Riots."
~Dr. Mark Lackritz; Princeton University |
Carl Stokes; 1968. CLEVELAND
Richard G. Hatcher; 1968
GARY |
Howard N. Lee; 1969. CHAPEL HILL
Maynard H. Jackson, Jr; 1973. ATLANTA
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Kenneth Gibson; 1970. NEWARK
Thomas Bradley; 1973. LOS ANGELES
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United States Pastors Association"A group of black ministers formed {The United States Pastor Association} after the 1966 Hough riots. Our campaign is to improve conditions in black neighborhoods." Anonymous
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Operation PUSH"PUSH’s goals were to increase job security for African-Americans, organize those not making a livable income, and support black-owned businesses."
James Ralph; Encyclopedia of Chicago |
Cleveland: Now!
"Local businessmen agreed to cooperate with the city in a fundraising program to fight the problem of Cleveland's inner city in order to preserve racial peace. The plan was to fund youth activities and employment, community centers, health-clinic facilities, housing units, and economic renewal projects. This program set the stage for other organizations to improve their ghettos nationwide."
Encyclopedia of Cleveland History |
Former Congressman Louis Stokes
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The Hough riots showed city officials nationwide the conditions urban blacks were living in and that they required immediate attention from the government. |